How to use EiBi frequency lists. ================================ OVERVIEW A) Conditions of use. B) How to use. C) Available formats. D) Codes used. ================================ A) Conditions of use. All my frequency lists are free of cost, and any person is absolutely free to download, use, copy, or distribute these files or to use them within third-party software. Should any mistake, omission or misinformation be found in my lists, please send your helpful comment to Eike.Bierwirth (at) gmx.de [replace the "(at)" by the @ sign] B) How to use. I) Try to identify a signal on the radio: You will need to know the frequency you tuned to in kHz, and the time of the reception in UTC. Search for the frequency in the list. Check all entries for this frequency: - The listening time should fall inbetween the start and end times given for the broadcast. - The day of the week should match. (If none is given in the list, the broadcast is daily.) - Try to guess the language you hear, if you don't know it. - Try to estimate the probability of propagation. The last column gives you information about the transmitter site (if not, the transmitter is in the home country of the station.) The target-area code should give you a clue if the signal is beamed in your direction or not. If you are right in the target area, great. If you are "behind" it (from the transmitter's point of view) or inbetween, your chances are also good. If the line connecting transmitter and target area is perpendicular to the line connecting the transmitter to your location, chances are lower. They are also lower if the target area is very close to the transmitter, while you are far away. Still, all rules can be turned upside-down by propagation conditions. You might sit in a good direction but the waves may skip 80 kilometers above you in the ionosphere. Listed information may be wrong, misleading, or outdated. Transmitters may fail, be upgraded, or drift in frequency. Transmitter sites may change (for example, fire in the control room, hurricane tore the antenna down, and transmissions have all been redirected to the Jülich transmitter). Broadcasters and transmitter operators may mix up programmes or tune to the wrong frequency. My lists will be useful for fast identification of many stations on the band, but in a number of cases it will be of no use to you or it may bring you to a wrong conclusion. NO WARRANTY in case of a wrong ID, an embarrasingly wrong log or reception report sent out etc. The ONLY 100% ID is that which you hear on the radio yourself. Even QSLs may be wrong. II) Find a broadcast you would like to hear: Make extensive use of the SEARCH and SORT functions of the computer programme which you use. For text-format files I use TextPad, a freely downloadable text editor. Software has been written by very nice colleages of us to display the files in a more convenient manner, namely: ShortwaveLog, by Robert Sillett, N3OEA, which you can find on http://www.shortwavelog.com/ RadioExplorer, by Dmitry Nefedov, Russia, which you can find on http://www.radioexplorer.com.ru/ For the CSV files, I recommend the GuindaSoft Lister, freely downloadable from http://guindasoft.impreseweb.com/utile/utile.html Click on the column headers to sort first by time, then by language or station or however you wish. Try it out. C) Available formats. Since B06, the fundamental database is a CSV semicolon-separated list. IDL is used to transfer this into a frequency-sorted and a time-sorted text file. Naming of files is sked-Xzz.csv for the CSV database; freq-Xzz.txt for the frequency-sorted text file; bc-Xzz.txt for the time-sorted text file; where Xzz stands for the current broadcasting season: X=A: Summer season X=B: Winter season zz: Two-character number for the year. E.g., A99: Summer season 1999 B06: Winter season 2006/2007. The change from A to B or from B to A usually coincides with the change of clock to or from Daylight Saving Time in many parts of the world. The U.S.A., however, decided to use Daylight Saving Time for an even longer period, beginning in 2007. The download of freq and bc files shall furthermore be possible in PDF, DOC, and zipped format. D) Codes used. I) Language codes. II) Country codes. III) Target-area codes. IV) Transmitter-site codes. I) Lanuage codes. Numbers are number of speakers. 4m = 4 millions. On the right in [brackets] the German translation, if significantly different. -TS Time Signal Station [Zeitzeichensender] A Arabic (300m) [Arabisch] AB Abkhaz: Georgia-Abkhazia (0.1m) [Abchasisch] AC Aceh: Indonesia-Sumatera (3m) ACH Achang / Ngac'ang: Myanmar, South China (30,000) AD Adygea / Adyghe / Circassic: Russia-Caucasus (0.5m) ADI Adi: India-Assam (0.4m) AF Afrikaans: South Africa, Namibia (6.4m) AFA Afar: Djibouti (0.3m), Ethiopia (0.45m), Eritrea (0.3m) AFG Pashto and Dari (main Afghan languages) AH Amharic: Ethiopia (20m) [Amharisch] AJ Adja / Aja-Gbe: Benin, Togo (0.5m) AK Akha: Burma (0.2m), China-Yunnan (0.13m) AL Albanian: Albania (Tosk)(3m), Macedonia/Yugoslavia (Gheg)(2m) [Albanisch] ALG Algerian (Arabic): Algeria (35m) AM Amoy: S China (25m), Taiwan (15m), SoEaAsia (5m); very close to TW-Taiwanese AMD Tibetan Amdo (Tibet: 0.8m) Ang Angelus programme of Vaticane Radio AR Armenian: Armenia (3m), USA (1m), RUS,GEO,SYR,LBN,IRN,EGY [Armenisch] AR-W: Western, AR-E: Eastern ARO Aromanian: Greece, Albania, Macedonia (0.1m) ARU Languages of Arunachal (India) ASS Assamese: Assam/India (14m) ASY Assyrian: Middle East (0.1m) [Assyrisch] ATS Atsi / Zaiwa: Myanmar (13,000), China (70,000) Aud Papal Audience (Vaticane Radio) [Audienz des Papstes] AV Avar: Dagestan, S Russia (0.6m) [Awarisch] AW Awadhi: N&Ce India (20m) AY Aymara: Bolivia (2m) AZ Azeri: Azerbaijan (7m) [Aserbaidschanisch] B Brazilian (Portuguese dialect) [Brasil.Portugiesisch] BAD Badaga: India-Tamil Nadu (0.17m) BAG Bagri: India (1.7m), Pakistan (0.2m) BAJ Bajau: Malaysia-Sabah (50,000) BAL Balinese: Bali / Indonesia (4m) [Balinesisch] BAN Banjar/Banjarese: Indonesia/Borneo (3m) BAO Baoule: Cote d'Ivoire (2m) BAR Bari: S Sudan (0.3m) BAS Bashkir: Ce Russia (1m) [Baschkirisch] BAY Bayash/Boyash Romani: Serbia, Croatia (10,000) BB Braj Bhasa/Braj Bhasha/Brij: India (40,000) BC Baluchi: Pakistan (1m), Iran (0.5m), Afghanistan (0.2m) BE Bengali/Bangla: Bangladesh (100m), India (68m) BEM Bemba: Zambia (4m) BGL Bagheli: N India (400,000) BH Bhili: Ce India (1.6m) BHN Bahnar: Vietnam (170,000) BI Bile: Eritrea-Keren (70,000) BID Bidayuh languages: Malaysia-Sarawak (150,000) BIS Bisaya: Malaysia-Sarawak,Sabah (20,000), Brunei (40,000) BJ Bhojpuri/Bihari: India (23m), Nepal (1.4m) BK Balkarian: Russia-Caucasus (0.4m) BLK Balkan Romani: Bulgaria (0.4m), Serbia (0.1m), Macedonia (0.1m) BLT Balti: Pakistan (0.3m) BM Bambara: Mali (2.7m) BNA Borana Oromo: Ethiopia (4m) BNG Bangala / Mbangala: Central Angola (22,000) BNJ Banjari / Banjara / Gormati / Lambadi: India-Maharashtra,Karnataka,Andhra Pr.(2m) BNT Bantawa: Nepal (400,000) BON Bondo: India-Orissa (9000) BOR Boro / Bodo: India-Assam,W Bengal (0.5m) BOS Bosnian (derived from Serbocroat): Bosnia-Hercegovina (4m) [Bosnisch] BR Burmese / Barma / Myanmar: Myanmar (40m) [Birmanisch] BRA Brahui: Pakistan (1.5m), Afghanistan (0.2m) BRB Bariba / Baatonum: Benin, Nigeria (560,000) BRU Bru: Laos (70,000), Vietnam (55,000) BSL Bislama: Vanuatu (0.2m) BT Black Tai / Tai Dam: Vietnam (0.5m) BTK Batak-Toba: Indonesia-Sumatra (2m) BU Bulgarian: Bulgaria (8m), Moldova (0.36m), Ukraine (0.2m) [Bulgarisch] BUG Bugis / Buginese: Indonesia-Celebes (4m) BUK Bukharian/Bukhori (Jewish dialect of Farsi): Israel (50,000), Uzbekistan (10,000) BUN Bundeli / Bundelkhandi: India-Uttar,Madhya Pr. (1m) BUR Buryat: South Siberia, similar to Mongolian (0.4m) [Burjatisch] BY Byelorussian / Belarusian: Belarus, Poland, Ukraine (9m) [Weissrussisch] C Chinese (not further specified) [Chinesisch] CA Cantonese / Yue (South China 50m, others 15m) [Kantonesisch] CC Chaochow (South China, close to TW-Taiwanese, AM-Amoy, SWT-Swatow) CD Chowdary/Chaudhry/Chodri: India-Gujarat (0.3m) CEB Cebuano: Philippines (20m) CH Chin (not further specified): Myanmar C-A Chin-Asho: Myanmar-Arakan Hills (10,000) C-D Chin-Daai: Myanmar (30,000) Chinyanja: See NY-Nyanja C-F Chin-Falam / Halam: Myanmar, Bangladesh, India (125,000) CHE Chechen: Russia-Chechnya (1.5m) [Tschetschenisch] CHG Chattisgarhi: India-Mad.Pr.,Orissa,Bihar (11m) CHI Chitrali / Khowar: NW Pakistan (0.4m) C-K Chin-Khumi: Myanmar (77,000) C-M Chin-Mro: Myanmar (130,000) C-O Chin-Thado / Thadou-Kuki: India-Assam, Manipur (0.15m) CHR Chrau: Vietnam (20,000) CHU Chuwabu: Mozambique (1m) C-T Chin-Tidim: Myanmar (0.2m), India (0.15m) C-Z Chin-Zomin / Zomi-Chin: Myanmar (30,000), India-Manipur (20,000) CKM Chakma (India) CKW Chokwe: Angola (0.5m), DR Congo (0.5m) COF Cofan (Ecuador) COK Cook Islands Maori CR Creole (Caribbean) [Kreolisch] CRU Chru: Vietnam (15,000) CT Catalan: Spain, Andorra (31000) [Katalanisch] CV Chuvash (Chuvashia/Russia) [Tschuwaschisch] CW Chewa /Chichewa (Malawi) CZ Czech [Tschechisch] D German [Deutsch] D-P Lower German (Northern Germany, USA) [Plattdeutsch] DA Danish [Daenisch] DAO Dao: Vietnam (0.5m) DD Dhodiya / Dhodia: India-Gujarat (150,000) DEG Degar / Montagnard (Vietnam) DEN Dendi (Benin, Nigeria: 32,000) DEO Deori (India - Assam: 27,000) DES Desiya / Deshiya / Adivasi Oriya (India - Andhra Pr.: 150,000) DH Dhivehi (Maldives) DI Dinka (Sudan) DIA Dial Arabic (North Africa) DIT Ditamari (Benin, Togo: 50,000) DN Damara-Nama service in Namibia (Languages: Damara, Nama) DO Dogri-Kangri: N India (2m) DR Dari / Eastern Farsi: Afghanistan (6m), Pakistan (1m) DU Dusun (Malaysia-Sabah) DUN Dungan (Central Asia) DY Dyula (Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali) DZ Dzonkha: Bhutan (0.4m) E English EC Eastern Cham: Vietnam (70,000) EDI English, German, Italian E-C Col.English (S Sudan) EGY Egyptian Arabic E-L English Learning Programme (BBC) [Englisch-Sprachkurs] EO Esperanto ES Estonian [Estnisch] Ewe Ewe (Ghana) F French [Franzoesisch] FA Faroese [Faeringisch] FI Finnish [Finnisch] FJ Fijian FON Fon / Fongbe (Benin, Togo: 1.7m) FP Filipino FS Farsi / Persian [Persisch] FT Fiote (Angola-Cabinda) FU Fulani/Fulfulde (0.25m BFA, 0.3m BEN, 5m CME) FUJ FutaJalon (West Africa) Fujian: see TW-Taiwanese FUR Fur (0.5m Sudan, Darfur) GA Garhwali: India-Kashmir,Uttar Pr. (2m) GAR Garo (India, Bangladesh: 700,000) GD Greenlandic [Groenlaendisch] GE Georgian [Georgisch] GJ Gujari/Gojri (India/Pakistan) GL Galicic/Gallego (Spain) [Gallizisch] GM Gamit: India-Gujarat (0.2m) GNG Gurung: Nepal (0.2m) GO Gorontalo (Indonesia) GON Gondi (India-Madhya Pr.,Maharashtra: 3m) GR Greek [Griechisch] GU Gujarati: India (43m) GUA Guaraní (Paraguay) GUR Gurage/Guragena: Ethiopia (1m) GZ Ge'ez / Geez (liturgic language of Ethiopia) HA Haussa (Nigeria) HAD Hadiya (Ethiopia) HAR Haryanvi / Bangri / Harayanvi (India: 13m) HB Hebrew (Israel) [Hebraeisch] HD Hindko (Pakistan) HI Hindi: India (180m) HK Hakka (South China 26m, TWN 2m, others 6m) Hokkien: see TW-Taiwanese HM Hmong (Vietnam) HMA Hmar (India - Assam,Manipur,Mizoram 50,000) HMB Hmong-Blue/Njua (Laos/Thailand) HMQ Hmong, Northern Qiandong / Black Hmong (China: 900,000) HMW Hmong-White/Daw (Laos/Thailand) HN Hani (S China) HO Ho (India) HR Croatian (Hrvatski) [Kroatisch] HRE Hre: Vietnam (0.1m) HU Hungarian [Ungarisch] HUA Huarani (Ecuador) HUI Hui / Huizhou: China - Anhui (3m) HZ Hazaragi: Afghanistan (1.4m), Iran (0.3m) I Italian [Italienisch] IB Iban (Malaysia - Sarawak) Ibo Ibo (Africa) IF Ifè / Ife (Benin, Togo: 155,000) IG Igbo (Nigeria) ILC Ilocano (Philippines) ILG Ilonggo (Philippines) IN Indonesian / Bahasa Indonesia: Indonesia (140m) [Indonesisch] INU Inuktikut (Inuit language, Canada/Greenland) IRQ Iraqi IS Icelandic [Islaendisch] J Japanese [Japanisch] JEH Jeh: Vietnam (15,000), Laos (8,000) JG Jingpho: see KC-Kachin JL Joula/Jula (West Africa) JOR Jordanian JR Jarai / Giarai / Jra: Vietnam (0.3m) JU Juba (Arabic; Chad, Sudan) JV Javanese: Indonesia-Java (84m) K Korean [Koreanisch] KA Karen (Burma) K-P Karen-Pao (Burma) K-S Karen-Sgaw (Burma) K-W Karen-Pwo (Burma) KAD Kadazan (Malaysia - Sabah) KAL Kalderash Romani (Gypsy) (Romania) [Roma-Sprache] KAB Kabardino (Caucasus) KAM Kambaata (Ethiopia) KAN Kannada (South India) KAO Kaonde (Zambia) KAR Karelian (Russia, close to Finnish border). [Karelisch] Programme includes Finnish and Vespian parts. KAT Katu: Vietnam (50,000) KAU Kaubru (India) KAY Kayan (Burma) KB Kabyle: Algeria (2.5m) [Kabylisch/Berber] KBO Kok Borok/Tripuri: India (0.7m) KC Kachin / Jingpho: Myanmar (1m) KG Kyrgyz /Kirghiz: Kyrgystan (2.5m), China (0.1m) [Kirgisisch] KH Khmer: Cambodia (6m), Vietnam (0.7m) [Kambodschanisch] KHA Kham / Khams, Eastern (NE Tibet: 1m) KHM Khmu (Laos 400,000, Vietnam 40,000) KHR Kharia / Khariya (India, Nepal: 300,000) KHS Khasi / Kahasi (India, Bangladesh: 0.9m) KIM Kimwani (East Africa) KIN Kinnauri / Kinori (India - Himachal Pr.: 50,000) KiR KiRundi: Burundi (0.45m) KK KiKongo/Kongo: DR Congo, Angola (3.5m) KKN Kukna (India - Gujarat: 0.6m) KMB Kimbundu/Mbundu/Luanda: Angola (3m) KND Khandesi (India - Maharashtra: 1.5m) KNK KinyaRwanda-KiRundi service of the Voice of America / BBC KNU Kanuri: Nigeria (3m), Chad (0.1m), Niger,Cameroon (0.1m) KNY Konyak Naga (India - Assam, Nagaland: 0.1m) KO Kosovar Albanian (Kosovo/Serbia) KOH Koho/Kohor: Vietnam (0.1m) KOM Komering (Indonesia) KON Konkani (India) KOY Koya (India-Andhra Pr.: 300,000) KPK Karakalpak (W Uzbekistan) KRB Karbi / Mikir / Manchati (NE India: 0.5m) KRI Krio (Sierra Leone) KRW KinyaRwanda (Rwanda) KS Kashmiri: India (4m), Pakistan (0.1m) KTW Kotwali (India) KU Kurdish KuA Kurdish and Arabic KuF Kurdish and Farsi KUI Kui (India) KUL Kulina (Brazil) K/k Kirmanji Kurdish K/s Sorani Kurdish KUK Kuki (India) KUM Kumaoni/Kumauni (India) KUN Kunama: Eritrea (0.14m) KUP Kupia / Kupiya (India - Andhra Pr.: 4,000) KUR Kurukh: India (2m) KUT Kutchi (India 800,000) KWA Kwanyama/Kuanyama (Ce Angola) KYK Kayan/Kenyah (Malaysia-Sarawak) KZ Kazakh: Kazakhstan (7m), China (1m), Mongolia (0.1m) [Kasachisch] L Latin [Lateinisch] LA Ladino (Hispanic Jewish lang.) LAD Ladakhi / Ladak (India - Jammu+Kashmir: 0.1m) LAH Lahu: China (0.4m), Myanmar (150,000) LAM Lampung (Indonesia) LAO Lao [Laotisch] LaS Ladino and Spanish LB Lun Bawang / Murut (Malaysia-Sarawak) LBO Limboo /Limbu (NE India) LEP Lepcha (NE India) LHO Lhotshampa (Bhutan) LIM Limba (Sierra Leone) LIN Lingala (Congo) LIS Lisu: China-West Yunnan (0.6m), Burma (0.1m) LND Lunda Ndembo (Angola) LNG Lungeli-Magar (India) LO Lomwe (Mocambique) LOK Lokpa / Lukpa (Benin, Togo: 65,000) LOZ Lozi / Silozi (Zambia 500,000, ZWE+BOT 100,000) LT Lithuanian [Litauisch] LTO Oriental Liturgy of Vaticane Radio [Oestl.Lithurgie] LU Lunda (Angola) LUC Luchazi: Angola (0.24m), Zambia (0.05m) LUG Luganda: Uganda (5m) LUN Lunyaneka/Nyaneka: Angola (0.4m) LUR Luri (Iran) LUV Luvale (Angola) LV Latvian [Lettisch] M Mandarin (Standard Chinese / Beijing dialect) MA Maltese [Maltesisch] MAD Madurese (Madura / Indonesia) MAG Maghi/Magahi/Maghai (India) MAI Maithili / Maithali (India: 22m, Nepal: 2m) MAK Makonde (Tanzania/Mocambique) MAL Malayalam (South India) MAM Mamay / Rahanwein (Somalia) MAN Manchu (Vietnam) MAO Maori (New Zealand) MAR Marathi (India) MAS Masaai/Massai/Masai (E Africa) MC Macedonian (2m) [Makedonisch] MCH Mavchi/Mouchi/Mauchi/Mawchi (India-Gujarat,Maharashtra: 72,000) MEI Meithei/Manipuri/Meitei: India (1.3m) MEN Mende: Sierra Leone (1.5m) MEW Mewari/Mewadi (Rajasthani): India-Rajasthan (5m) MGA Magar: Nepal (0.8m) MIE Mien / Iu Mien: S China (0.5m), Vietnam (0.3m) MIS Mising (dialect of ADI): India-Assam (25,000) MKB Minangkabau: Indonesia-West Sumatra (6.5m) MKS Makassar/Makasar: Indonesia-South Sulawesi (2m) MKU Makua / Makhuwa: N Mocambique (2.5m) ML Malay / Baku: Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei (18m) [Malaiisch] MLK Malinke/Maninka: Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone (2m) MLT Malto / Kumarbhag Paharia: India- Orissa, West Bengal (20,000) MNO Mnong: Vietnam (0.1m) MO Mongolian / Halh: Mongolia (2m) [Mongolisch] MOc Chinese / Peripheral Mongolian (N China: 3m) Mon Mon: Burma (1m) MOO Moore: Burkina Faso (4.5m) MOR Moro/Moru/Muro: Southern Sudan (0.1m) MR Maronite / Cypriot Arabic: Cyprus (1300) MRC Moroccan/Mugrabian (Arabic): Morocco (20m) MRI Mari: Russia-Mari (0.6m) MRU Maru / Lhao Vo: Burma (0.1m) MSY Malagasy: Madagaskar (20m) [Madegassisch] MUN Mundari: India (1.5m) MUO Muong: Vietnam (1m) MUR Murut: Malaysia-Borneo (11,000) MW Marwari (Rajasthani): India (13m) MY Maya (Yucatec): Mexico (0.8m) MZ Mizo / Lushai: India-Mizoram (0.7m) NAG Naga / Ao /Makware: India - Nagaland, Assam (140,000) NDA Ndau: Mocambique (0.6m) NDE Ndebele: Zimbabwe (1.5m), South Africa-Transvaal (0.6m) NE Nepali: Nepal (10m), India (6m) [Nepalesisch] NET Netekani (India) NG Nagpuri / Sadani / Sadari / Sadri (NE India: 2m) NGA Ngangela/Nyemba (Angola) NI Ni (South Asia) NIC Nicobari (Nicobar Islands, India) NIU Niuean (Niue / S Pacific) NL Dutch (Nederlands) [Niederlaendisch] Flemish is included here ;-) NO Norwegian [Norwegisch] NOC Nocte / Nockte (India - Assam, Arunachal Pr.: 35,000) NP Nupe (Nigeria) NU Nuer: Sudan (0.75m), Ethiopia (0.04m) NUN Nung: Vietnam (0.8m) NW Newari (India) NY Nyanja / Chinyanja (Malawi 3m, Zambia 1m, ZWE+MOZ 1m) OG Ogan (Indonesia) OH Otjiherero service in Namibia (Languages: Herero, SeTswana) OO Oromo: Ethiopia (8m) OR Oriya / Orissa (India: 32m) OS Ossetic (Caucasus) [Ossetisch] OW Oshiwambo service in Angola and Namibia (Languages: Ovambo, Kwanyama) P Portuguese [Portugiesisch] PAL Palaung - Pale: Burma (0.3m) PED Pedi (S Africa) PF Pashto and Farsi PJ Punjabi (India/Pakistan) PO Polish (Poland) [Polnisch] POT Pothwari (Pakistan) PS Pashto / Pushtu: Afghanistan (8m), Iran (0.1m) PU Pulaar (West Africa) Q Quechua: Bolivia (2.8m) QQ Qashqai R Russian [Russisch] RAD Rade/Ede: Vietnam (0.3m) REN Rengao (Vietnam) RGM Rengma (India - Nagaland: 21,000) RH Rahanwein (Somalia) RO Romanian [Rumaenisch] ROG Roglai: Vietnam (50,000) ROM Romanes (Gypsy) [Roma-Sprache] RON Rongmei (India - Manipur, Nagaland, Assam: 60,000) Ros Rosary session of Vaticane Radio [Rosenkranz] RWG Rawang: Burma (60,000), India-Arunachal Pr.(60,000) S Spanish [Spanisch] SAH Saho: Eritrea, South (0.14m) SAM Samayiki (India) SAN Sango (Central African Rep.) SAS Sasak (Indonesia) SC Serbo-Croat (Yugoslav language before the [Serbokroatisch] national and linguistic separation) SCA Scandinavian languages (Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish) SD Sindhi: Pakistan (17m), India (3m) SED Sedang: Vietnam (0.1m) SEF Sefardi (Jewish language in Spain) SEN Sena (Mocambique) SGA Shangaan (Mocambique) SGK Sgaw Karan SGM Sara Gambai (Chad) SGO Songo (Angola) SHA Shan: Burma (3m) SHk Shan-Khamti (Burma) SHC Sharchogpa / Sarchopa (Bhutan) SHE Sheena (Pakistan) SHK Shiluk (S Sudan: 175,000) SHO Shona (Zimbabwe) SHP Sherpa (India,Nepal: 30,000) SHU Shuwa (Arabic of Central Africa, Chad) SI Sinhalese (Sri Lanka) SID Sidamo/Sidama (Ethiopia, Eritrea) SIK Sikkimese (NE India) Silozi: See LOZ-Lozi SIR Siraiki (Pakistan) SK Slovak [Slowakisch] SLM Solomon Islands Pidgin (Solomon Isl., S.Pacific) SLT Silte / East Gurage (Ethiopia: 1m) SM Samoan: Samoa (0.2m), USA (0.1m) SMP Sambalpuri (dialect of Oriya) (India - Orissa) SNK Sanskrit (India) SNT Santhali: India (5.5m), Bangladesh (0.15m) SO Somali SON Songhai: Mali (0.6m), Niger (0.4m), Burkina (0.1m) SOT SeSotho (Lesotho) SOU Sous (North Africa) SR Serbian [Serbisch] SRA Soura / Saurashtra (India-Tamil N.,Karnataka,Andhra Pr.: 300,000) STI Stieng: Vietnam (50,000) SUD Sudanese (Arabia) SUM Sumi (India - Nagaland: 0.1m) SUN Sunda/Sundanese: Indonesia-West Java (34m) SUS Sousou (West Africa) SV Slovenian [Slowenisch] SWA Swahili (Kenya/Tanzania/Uganda) [Kisuaheli] SWE Swedish [Schwedisch] SWT Swatow (China) SWZ SiSwati (Swaziland) SYL Syrian-Lebanese Arabic T Thai TAG Tagalog (Philippines) TAH Tachelhit (North Africa) TAM Tamil (South India / Sri Lanka) [Tamilisch] TB Tibetan: Tibet (1m), India (0.1m) [Tibetisch] TEL Telugu (South India) TEM Temme (Sierra Leone) TFT Tarifit (North Africa) TGK Tangkhul (India - Manipur, Nagaland: 0.1m) TGR Tigre/Tigré (Eritrea: 800,000) (not = Tigrinya) THA Tharu Buksa (India-Nainital: 20,000) TIG Tigrinya/Tigray (Ethiopia: 3m, Eritrea: 2m) TJ Tajik [Tadschikisch] TK Turkmen [Turkmenisch] TL Tai-Lu / Lu: S China (0.25m), Burma (0.2m) TM Tamazight (North Africa) TMG Tamang (Nepal: 0.3m) TMJ Tamajeq (West Africa) TN Tai-Nua / Chinese Shan: S China (250,000), Laos/Burma (0.2m) TNG Tonga (Zambia) TO Tongan (Tonga, So.Pacific) TOK Tokelau (Tokelau, So.Pacific) TOR Torajanese (Indonesia) TP Tok Pisin (PNG pidgin) TS Tswana: Botswana (1m), South Africa (3m) TSA Tsangla: Bhutan (0.4m). Close to Sharchagpakha / Sarchopa TSH Tshwa (Mocambique) TT Tatar: Central Russia, Volga (7m) TTB Tatar-Bashkir service of Radio Liberty TU Turkish: Turkey (46m), Bulgaria (0.8m) [Tuerkisch] TUL Tulu (South India) TUM Tumbuka (Malawi) TUN Tunisian (Arabic) TUR Turki TV Tuva / Tuvinic (Tannu-Tuva, S Siberia) and Russian [Tuwinisch] TW Taiwanese / Fujian / Hokkien (CHN 25m, TWN 15m, others 9m) Twi Twi/Akan: Ghana (7m - Ashanti language) TZ Tamazight/Berber: Morocco (2m), Algeria (1m) UD Udmurt (Ce Russia) UI Uighur: China/Xinjiang (7m), Kazakhstan (0.2m) [Uigurisch] UK Ukrainian [Ukrainisch] UM Umbundu: Angola (4m) UR Urdu: Pakistan (54m) UZ Uzbek (Southern Variant: 1m in Afghanistan) [Usbekisch] V Vasco (Basque / Spain) [Baskisch] VAD Vadari / Waddar / Od (India - Andhra Pr.: 2m) VAR Varli / Warli (India - Maharashtra: 0.6m) Ves Vespers (Vaticane Radio) [Vesper] Vn Vernacular = local languages (maybe various) [Lokalsprache] VN Vietnamese [Vietnamesisch] VV Vasavi (India) VX Vlax Romani (Balkans) W Wolof (Senegal) WA Wa: South China (Vo Wa, 40,000), Myanmar (Parauk Wa, 1m) WAO Waodani (South America) WE Wenzhou (China) WT White Tai / Tai Don (Vietnam,Laos: 400,000) WU Wu (China - Jiangsu, Zhejiang: 80m) XH Xhosa (South Africa) YAO Yao (Mocambique) YER Yerukula (India - Andhra Pr.: 0.3m) Yi Yi / Nosu (China-Sichuan,Yunnan: 6 Yi dialects of each 300-800,000) YI Yiddish (Jewish) [Jiddisch] YK Yakutian / Sakha (Rep.Sakha, Siberia/Russia) [Jakutisch] YO Yoruba: Nigeria (20m) YOL Yolngu (NE Arnhem Land, NT, Australia; 7000 speakers) YZ Yezidish (Armenia) Z Zulu (South Africa) ZA Zarma/Zama (West Africa) ZD Zande (S Sudan) ZG Zaghawa (Chad) ZH Zhuang: S China (2 Zhuang dialects of 10m and 4m) Zomi-Chin: see Chin-Zomi (C-Z) II) Country codes. Countries are referred to by their ITU code. Here is a list: ABW Aruba ADM Andaman & Nicobar Island AFG Afghanistan AFS South Africa AGL Angola AIA Anguilla ALB Albania ALG Algeria ALS Alaska AMS Saint Paul & Amsterdam Is. AND Andorra ANO Annobon I. ARG Argentina ARM Armenia ARS Saudi Arabia ASC Ascension I. ATA Antarctica ATG Antigua ATN Netherlands Leeward Antilles ATW Netherlands Windward Antilles AUS Australia AUT Austria AVE Aves I. AZE Azerbaijan AZR Azores B Brasil BAH Bahamas BAL Balleny Is. BAN Banaba (Ocean I.) BDI Burundi BEL Belgium BEN Benin BER Bermuda BFA Burkina Faso BGD Bangla Desh BHR Bahrain BIH Bosnia-Hertsegovina BIO Chagos Is. (Diego Garcia) (British Indian Ocean Territory) BLR Belarus BLZ Belize BOL Bolivia BOT Botswana BOV Bouvet I. BRB Barbados BRM Burma (Myanmar) BRU Brunei BTN Bhutan BUL Bulgaria CAB Cabinda CAF Central African Republic CAN Canada CBG Cambodia CEU Ceuta CGO Republic of Congo (capital Brazzaville) CHL Chile CHN China (People's Republic) CHR Chrstmas I. (Indian Ocean) CKH Cook Is. (South) (Rarotonga) CKN North Cook Isls. (Manihiki) CLA Clandestine station CLM Colombia CLN Sri Lanka CLP Clipperton CME Cameroon CNR Canary Is. COM Comores CPV Cape Verde Is. CRO Crozet I. CTI Ivory Coast CTR Costa Rica CUB Cuba CVA Vatican State CYM Cayman Is. CYP Gyprus CZE Czech Republic D Germany DAI Daito Is. DES Desventurados Is. DJI Djibouti DMA Dominica DNK Denmarlc DOM Dominican Republic DRC Democratic Republic of Congo (capital Kinshasa) E Spain EGY Egypt EQA Ecuador ERI Eritrea EST Estonia ETH Ethiopia EUR Iles Europe & Bassas da India F France FAR Faroe Is. FIN Finland FJI Fiji Is. FLK Falkland Is. FSM Federated States of Micronesia G Great Britain and Northern Ireland GAB Gabon GDL Guadeloupe GEO Georgia GHA Ghana GIB Gibraltar GMB Gambia GNB Guinea-Bissau GNE Equatorial Guinea GPG Galapagos Is. GRC Greece GRD Grenada GRL Greenland GTB Guantanamo Bay GTM Guatemala GUF French Guyana GUI Guinea GUM Guam / Guahan GUY Guyana HKG Hong Kong, part of China HMD Heard & McDonaid Is. HND Honduras HNG Hungary HOL Netherlands HRV Croatia HTI Haiti HWA Hawaii Is. HWL Howland & Baker Is. I Italy ICO Cocos I. IND India INS Indonesia IRL Ireland IRN Iran IRQ Iraq ISL Iceland ISR Israel IWA Ogasawara (Bonin, Iwo Jima) J Japan JAF Jarvis (US Southem Line Isl.) JDN Juan de Nova Island JMC Jamaica JMY Jan Mayen JON Johnston Atoll JOR Jordan JUF Juan Femandez I. KAL Kaliningrad KAZ Kazakstan KEN Kenya KER Kerguelen KGZ Kyrgyzstan KIR Kiribati KOR Korea, South KRE Korea, North KWT Kuwait LAO Laos LBN Lebanon LBR Liberia LBY Libya LCA Saint Lucia LIE Liechtenstein LSO Lesotho LTU Lithuania LUX Luxembourg LVA Latvia MAC Macao MAU Mauritius MCO Monaco MDA Moldova MDG Madagascar MDR Madeira MEL Melilla MEX Mexico MKD Macedonia MLA Malaysia MLD Maldives MLI Mali MLT Malta MNE Montenegro MNG Mongolia MOZ Mozambique MRA Northern Mariana Islands MRC Morocco MRL Marshail Is. MRN Marion & Prince Edward Is. MRQ Marquesas Is. MRT Martinique MSR Montserrat MTN Mauritania MWI Malawi MYT Mayotte NCG Nicaragua NCL New Caledonia NFK Norfolk I. NGR Niger NIG Nigeria NIU Niue NMB Namibia NOR Norway NPL Nepal NRU Nauru NZL New Zealand OCE Society Is. (Tahiti) OMA Oman PAK Pakistan PAL Palau PAQ Easter Island PHL Philippines PHX Phoenix Is. PLM Palmyra (US Northem Line Is.) PNG Papua New Guinea PNR Panama Republic POL Poland POR Portugal PRG Paraguay PRU Peru PRV Okino-Tori-Shima (Parece Vela) PTC Pitcairn PTR Puerto Rico QAT Qatar REU Reunion ROU Roumania RRW Rwanda RUS Russian Federation S Sweden SAP San Andres & Providencia SCN Saint Kitts - Nevis SCO Scott I. SDN Sudan SEN Senegal SEY Seychelles SGA South Georgia Is. SHN Saint Helena I. SLM Solomon Is. SLV EI Salvador SMA Samoa (American) SMO Samoa SMR San Marino SNG Singapore SOK South Orkney Is. SOM Somalia SPM Saint Pierre & Miquelon SPO Sao Paulo I. SPR Spratly Is. SRB Serbia SRL Sierra Leone SSI South Sandwich Is. STB Saint Barthelemy STP Sao Tome & Principe SUI Switzerland SUR Suriname SVB Svalbard SVK Slovakia SVN Slovenia SWZ Swaziland SYR Syria TCD Tchad TCI Turks & Caicos Is. TGO Togo THA Thaiiand TJK Tadjikistan TKL Tokelau I. TKM Turkmenistan TON Tonga TRC Tristan da Cunha TRD Trinidad & Tobago TRI Trindade & Martim Vaz Is., TUA Tuamotu Archipelago TUN Tunisia TUR Turkey TUV Tuvalu TWN Taiwan TZA Tanzania UAE United Arab Emirates UGA Uganda UKR Ukraine UN United Nations URG Uruguay USA United States of America UZB Uzbekistan VCT Saint Vincent VEN Venezuela VIR American Virgin Is. VRG British Virgin Is. VTN Vietnam VUT Vanuatu WAK Wake I. WAL Waliis & Futuna Is. YEM Yemen ZMB Zambia ZWE Zimbabwe III) Target-area codes. Af - Africa Am - America(s) As - Asia C.. - Central .. Car - Caribbean Cau - Caucasus CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States (Former Soviet Union) CNA - Central North America E.. - East .. ENA - Eastern North America Eu - Europe (often including North Africa/Middle East) FE - Far East LAm - Latin America (=Central and South America) ME - Middle East N.. - North .. NAO - North Atlantic Ocean Oc - Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Ocean) S.. - South .. SAO - South Atlantic Ocean SEA - South East Asia SEE - South East Europe Sib - Siberia W.. - West .. WNA - Western North America Alternatively, ITU country codes may be used if the target area is limited to a certain country. This is often the case for domestic stations. IV) Transmitter site codes. One-letter or two-letter codes for different transmitter sites within one country. No such code is used if there is only one transmitter site in that country. The code is used plainly if the transmitter is located within the home country of the station. Otherwise, it is preced by "/ABC" where ABC is the ITU code of the host country of the transmitter site. Example: A BBC broadcast, relayed by the transmitters in Samara, Russia, would be designated as "/RUS-s". In many cases, a station has a "major" transmitter site which is normally not designated. Should this station use a different transmitter site in certain cases, they are marked. No transmitter-site code is used when the transmitter site is not known. AFS: Meyerton 26S35'11"-28E08'21" AGL: Mulenvos 08S51'15"-13E19'00" AIA: The Valley 18N13'11"-63W01'11" ALB: Cerrik (CRI) 40N59'47"-19E59'58" except: f-Fllake (Durres, 500kW) 41N22'11"-19E30'17" s-Shijiak (Radio Tirana) (1x100kW = 2x50kW) 41N19'53"5-19E33'08" ALS: ap-Anchor Point 59N44'52"-151W44'00" ARG: General Pacheco 34S26'25-58W37'01" ARM: Gavar (formerly Kamo) 40N24'49"-45E11'32" except y-Yerevan 40N14'28"-44E36'05" ARS: Riyadh 24N49'30"-46E52'07" except j-Jeddah 21N22'59"-39E25'21" ASC: Ascension Island, 07S53'55"-14W22'56" ATA: Base Esperanza 63S23'59"-56W59'41" ATN: Bonaire 12N12'48"-68W19'21" AUS: a-Alice Springs NT 23S48'51"-133E50'49" b-Brandon QL 19S30'36"-147E20'30" d-Darwin NT 12S24'35"-130E37'30" h-Humpty Doo NT 12S34'05"-131E04'34" ka-Katherine NT 14S23'41"-132E10'46" ku-Kununurra WA 15S48-128E41 L-Sydney-Leppington NSW m-Sydney-Marrickville (dismantled June 2010) NSW 33S54'31"-151E09'44" n-Ningi QL 27S04'00"-153E03'20" s-Shepparton VIC 36S19'24"-145E25'15" t-Tennant Creek NT 19S40'10"-134E15'44" AUT: Moosbrunn 48N00'24"-16E27'43" AZE: Gäncä 40N36-46E20 B: a-Porto Alegre, Rua Nossa Senhora da boa Viagem, RS 30S03-51W23 ag-Araguaína, Av.Filadelfia, TO 07S12-48W12 an-Anápolis, BR153, GO 16S15'25"-49W01'08" ap-Aparecida, Morro do Cruzeiro, SP 22S50'51"-45W13'16" ar-Araraquara, SP 21S48-48W11 b-Brasilia, Parque do Rodeador, DF 15S36'40"-48W07'53" be-Belém, Ananindeua, Rua Jardim Tropical, Utinga, PA 01S27-48W29 br-Braganca, Av.Nazareno Ferreira, PA 01S03'48"-46W46'24" bv-Boa Vista, RR 02S49-60W40 c-Contagem, MG 19S53'59"-44W03'16" ca-Campo Largo, Estrada Secundaria, PR 25S25'56"-49W23'35" cb-Camboriú, SC cc-Cáceres, Av.Pedro Alexandrino de Lacerda, MT 16S04'36"-57W38'27" cg-Campo Grande, Estancia Gizele, MS 20S31'12"-54W35'00" cm-Campinas, Chacara California, Est.Velha Campinas-Valinhos, SP 22S56'52"-47W01'05" cn-Congonhas, MG 20S30-43W52 co-Coari, Praca Sao Sebastiao, AM 04S06'59"-63W07'31" cp-Cachoeira Paulista, Sitio Santa Cruz, SP 22S38'45"-45W04'42" Cp-Cachoeira Paulista, Sitio Santa Cruz, SP 22S38'39"-45W04'38" cs-Cruzeiro do Sul, Estrada do Aeroporto, AC 07S38-72W40 cu-Curitiba, Estrada do Encanamento, PR 25S27'08"-49W06'50" E-Esteio (Porto Alegre), Rua Luiz Pasteur, RS 29S49'41"-51W09'54" e-Esteio (Porto Alegre), Rua Luiz Pasteur, RS 29S51'59"-51W06'11" f-Foz do Iguacu, Rua Sumare, PR 25S31'03"-54W30'30" fl-Florianópolis, Rua Joao Meirelles, SC 27S36'09"-48W31'51" fp-Florianópolis, Rua Angelo Laporta, SC 27S35'14"-48W32'17" g-Guaruja, SP 23S59'35"-46W15'23" gb-Guaíba (Porto Alegre), RS 29S59'50"-51W17'08" gc-Sao Gabriel de Cachoeira, AM 00S08-67W05 gm-Guajará-Mirim, RO 10S47-65W20 go-Goiânia, Fazenda Bananal / Fazenda Botafogo, 16S40-49W15 Go-Goiânia, Chacara Botafogo, 16S39'27"-49W14'06" gu-Guarulhos, Estrada Sao Miguel-Santa Isabel 2420, 23S26-46W25 h-Belo Horizonte, Serra do Curral, MG 19S58'34"-43W56'00" ib-Ibitinga, Fazenda Vista Alegre, SP 21S46'20"-48W50'10" ld-Londrina, Gleba Ribeirao Cafezal, PR 23S20'16"-51W13'18" li-Limeira, Praca Dr.Milton Silveira, SP 22S33'39"-47W25'08" lo-Londrina, Estrada da Cegonha, PR 23S24'17"-51W09'19" m-Manaus, Estrada da Compensa, AM 03S06-60W02 ma-Manaus - Radiodif.Amazonas, Av.Gov.Danilo Areosa Lotes, AM 03S08'28"-59W59'30" mc-Macapá, Rua Leopoldo Machados, AP 00N03'50"-51W02'20" mg-Manaus - Radio Globo, Av.Ministro Joao Goncalves de Souza, AM 03S08'04"-59W58'39" mi-Marília, Estrada do Lacio, SP 22S13'33"-49W57'46" ob-Óbidos, Lote a margem do Lago Pauxis, PA 01S55-55W31 os-Osasco, Sao Paulo, Av.Nadir Dias de Figueiredo 1329, SP 23S30'51"-46W35'39" pa-Parintins, Palmares, AM 02S37-56W45 pc-Pocos da Caldas, Parque Vivaldi Leite Ribeiro, MG 21S47'52"-46W32'26" pe-Petrolina, PE 09S24-40W30 pi-Piraquara, Estrada da Graciosa, PR 25S23'34"-49W10'04" pv-Porto Velho, RO 08S45-63W55 r-Rio de Janeiro, Sao Goncalo, Ilha do Pontal, RJ 22S49'03"-43W05'03" rj-Rio de Janeiro, Sao Goncalo, Rua Olegario Nascimento, RJ 22S46'41"-42W59'02" rb-Rio Branco, AC 09S58-67W49 ro-Rio de Janeiro, Observatório Nacional, 22S53'45"-43W13'27" rp-Riberao Preto (ex 15415), Fazenda Pau d'Alho, SP 21S08'25"-47W51'38" sa-Santarém, Seminario Pio X, BR163 a Cuiaba, PA 02S26'55"-54W43'58" sb-Sao Paulo - Radio Bandeirantes, Jardim Santa Emilia, SP, 23S38'54"-46W36'02" sc-Sao Paulo - Radio Cultura, Rua Soldado Cristovao Morais Garcia, SP, 23S30'42"-46W33'41" sg-Sao Paulo - Radio Globo, SP, 23S33-46W38 sj-Sao Paulo - Radio 9 de Julho, Rua Pinto Ferraz, Vila Mariana SP, 23S32'51"-46W38'10" sm-Santa Maria, Vila Palmas RS 29S44'18"-53W33'19" sr-Sao Paulo - Radio Record, Av.Guarapiranga, SP, 23S41'02"-46W44'35" sz-Sao Paulo - Radio Gazeta, SP, 23S40'10"-46W45'00" ta-Taubaté, Rua Dr.Sousa Alves 960, SP 23S01-45W34 te-Teresina, Recanto das Palmeiras, Av.Expedicionario (BR343 a Rodoviaria), PI 05S05'13"-42W45'39" vi-Vitória, Cariacica, Estrada para Cacaroca, ES 20S19-40S19 BEL: Wavre(Waver) 50N44'38"-04E34'54" BEN: Parakou 09N19'58"-02E37'45" BFA: Ouagadougou 12N26-01W33 BGD: Dhaka-Kabirpur 24N00'30"-90E15'10" BHR: Abu Hayan 26N02-50E37 BIH: Bijeljina 44N42-19E10 BIO: Diego Garcia 07S26-72E26 BLR: Minsk-Sasnovy 53N57'43"-27E46'46" except: b - Brest 52N08'16"-23E58'58" (5kW) g - Hrodna/Grodno 53N40'02"-23E51'49"(5 kW) m - Mahiliou/Mogilev ("Orsha") 53N37-30E20 (5 kW) BOT: VoA: Mopeng Hill 21S57'14"-27E38'47" BRM: n-Nay Pyi y-Yegu (Yangon/Rangoon) 16N51'48"-96E09'43" BTN: Thimphu 27N28-89E39 BUL: p-Plovdiv-Padarsko 42N22'40"-24E51'46" (2x500kW,3x250kW) s-Sofia-Kostinbrod 42N48'32"-23E11'13" (2x100kW,2x50kW) v-Varna 43N04'05"-27E47'10" 747-Petrich 41N42-23E18 (500kW) 1224-Vidin 43N49-22E40 (500kW) CAN: Sackville 45N52'35"-64W19'29" except c-Calgary AB 50N54'02"-113W52'33" cc-Churchill MB 58N45'42"-93W56'39" ch-Coral Harbour NU 64N08'58"-83W22'22" cr-Cap des Rosiers 48N51'40"-64W12'53" cw-Cartwright NL 53N42'30"-57W01'17" and Hopedale NL 55N27'24"-60N12'30" h-Halifax NS 44N41'03"-63W36'35" i-Iqaluit NU 63N43'42"-68W33'00" j-St John's NL 47N34'10"-52W48'52" k-Killinek NU 60N25'27"-64W50'30" o-Ottawa ON 40N18-75W45 pc-Port Caledonia NS 46N11'14"-59W53'59" r-Resolute NU 74N45'14"-94W58'09" sa-St Anthony NL 51N30'00"-55W49'26" sj-St John's NL 47N36'40"-52W40'01" sl-St Lawrence NL 46N55'09"-55W22'45" sv-Stephenville NL 48N33'17"-58W45'32" t-Toronto (Aurora) ON 43N30'23"-79W38'01" v-Vancouver BC 49N08'21"-123W11'44" ym-Yarmouth NB 43N44'39"-66W07'21" CHL: Santiago 33S38'36"-70W51'01" except: e-Radio Esperanza 38S43'23"-72W38'00" CHN: a-Baoji-Xinjie "722" 34N30-107E10 (5x100kW) as-Baoji-Sifangshan "724" 37N27'00"-107E41'30" b-Beijing "572" (CRI/CNR) 39N44'54"-116E48'41" B-Beijing "491" (CNR) 39N53'10"-116E34'29" c-Chengdu (Sichuan) 30N54'21"-104E07'23" cc-Changchun (Jilin, 1017 kHz) 44N01'45"N-125E24'58" ch-Changzhou Henglinchen (Jiangsu) 31N42'28"-120E06'39" d-Dongfang (Hainan) 18N53'17"-108E39'21" (150kW) e-Gejiu (Yunnan) 23N21-103E08 f-Fuzhou (Fujian) 26N01'24"-119E16'36" g-Gannan (Hezuo) 35N06-102E54 h-Hohhot (Nei Menggu, CRI) 40N47'41"-111E46'34" ha-Hailar (Nei Menggu) 49N11'03"-119E43'28" hb-Harbin (Heilongjiang) 45N41'34"-126E49'06" hh-Hohhot (Nei Menggu, PBS NM) 40N43'01"-111E33'12" hu-Hutubu near Urumqi (Xinjiang) 44N09'50"-86E53'44" Hu-Hutubu near Urumqi (Xinjiang) 44N09'26"-86E53'35" hx-Huaxian (Guangdong) 23N24'20"-113E14'17" hy-Huadian Yumuqiaozi (Jilin) 43N07'16"-126E30'57" Hy-Huadian Yumuqiaozi (Jilin) 43N07'26"-126E31'26" j-Jinhua 29N06'42"-119E18'39" k-Kunming (Yunnan) 24N53'04"-102E29'44" (MW:102E29'17") ka-Kashi (Kashgar) (Xinjiang) 39N21'04"-75E46'15" L-Lingshi (Shanxi) 36N52-111E40 (6x100kW) n-Nanning (Guangxi) 22N47-108E11 q-Ge'ermu/Golmud (Qinghai) 36N25'53"-94E59'51" (100kW) qq-Qiqihar 47N02-124E03 (500kW) s-Shijiazhuang (Hebei) 38N04-114E28 (5x50kW) t-Tibet (Lhasa) 29N38'53"-91E14'54" u-Urumqi (Xinjiang, CRI) 44N08'50"-86E53'47" uc-Urumqi-Changji (Xinjiang, PBS XJ) 43N58'27"-87E14'58" x-Xian-Xianyang "594" (Shaanxi) 34N22'31"-108E36'37" xc-Xichang (Sichuan) 27N49-102E14 xg-Xining (Qinghai) 36N39'24"-101E34'32" xt-Xiangtan (Hunan) 27N30-112E30 xu-Xuanwei (Yunnan) 26N10'51"-104E02'03" Regional Stations: Nanchang:28N38-115E56 Nanjing:32N02-118E44 Nanning:32N02-108E11 CLN: e-Ekala (SLBC,RJ) 07N05'55"-79E54'18" i-Iranawila (IBB) 07N30'24"-79E48'29" t-Trincomalee (DW) 08N44'36"-81E07'51" CTR: Caiari de Porocí (REE) 10N00-83W30 CUB: La Habana (3 sites: Quivicán 22N49'39"-82W17'34", Bejucal 22N52'01"-82W20'03", Bauta 22N56'55"-82W32'42") CVA: Santa Maria di Galeria 42N02'34"-12E19'51" except: v-Citta del Vaticano 41N54'07"-12E26'56" CYP: Zygi (Limassol) 34N43'17"-33E19'18" except: y-Yeni Iskele 35N17'40"-33E54'58" CZE: Litomysl 49N49'00"-16E18'27" D: b-Biblis 49N41'15"-08E29'25" be-Berlin-Britz 52N26'56"-13E25'57" br-Braunschweig d-Dillberg 49N19-11E23 dd-Dresden e-Erlangen 49N35-11E00 h-Holzkirchen 47N52-11E44 ha-Hannover 52N23-09E42 i-Ismaning 48N15'08"-11E45'07" j-Juelich 50N56'53"-06E21'37" jr-Juliusruh 54N37'45"-13E22'26" L-Lampertheim 49N36'00"-08E32'17" n-Nauen 52N38'52"-12E54'31" nu-Nuernberg 49N27-11E05 or-Oranienburg w-Wertachtal 48N05'00"-10E41'40" wb-Wachenbrunn DJI: Djibouti 11N30-43E00 E: Noblejas 39N57'27"-03W25'50" EGY: a-Abis 31N08'05"-30E04'21" z-Abu Zaabal 30N16'25"-31E21'55" EQA: a-Ambato 01S13-78W37 c-Pico Pichincha 00S11'16"-78W32'11" g-Guayaquil i-Ibarra 00N21-78W08 o-Otavalo 00N18-78W11 p-Pifo 00S14'10"-78W20'40" s-Saraguro 03S42-79W18 t-Tena 01S00-77W48 u-Sucúa 02S28-78W10 ETH: d-Geja Dera 08N45'40"-38E39'40" j-Geja Jewe 08N47'10"-38E38'40" m-Mekele 13N29-39E29 F: Issoudun 46N56'50"-01E53'40" r-Rennes 48N06-01W41 FIN: YLE: Pori 61N29'00"-21E35'00" Scand.Weekend R.: Virrat 62N22'40"-23E37'25" FSM: Pohnpei 06N57'57"-158E12'17" G: r-Rampisham 50N48'30"-02W38'40" s-Skelton 54N44'00"-02W53'15" w-Woofferton 52N18'36"-02W43'14" cp-London-Crystal Palace 51N25'26"-00W04'30" cr-London-Croydon 648,1296-Orfordness (SE coast) 198-Droitwich GAB: Moyabi 01S40'35"-13E18'00" GHA: Accra 05N35'00"-00W11'20" GNE: Bata 01N49'33"-09E46'45" GRC: Avlis 38N23'20"-23E36'30" GUF: Montsinery 04N53'47"-52W30'28" GUI: Conakry 09N41-13W32 GUM: a-Station KSDA, Agat, 13N20'30"-144E39'10" b-Barrigada 13N28'40"-144E50'15" m-Station KTWR, Agana/Merizo 13N16'40"-144E40'25" GUY: Sparendaam 06N49'21"-58W05'34" HNG: Jaszbereny 47N34'10"-19E50'45" HRV: Deanovec 45N39'30"-16E27'10" HWA: Naalehu 19N01'30"-155W40'00" AFRTS: Pearl Harbour 21N25-158W09 IND: a-Aligarh (4x250kW) 27N59'50"-78E05'50" b-Bengaluru-Doddaballapur (Bangalore) (6x500kW) 13N15'07"-77E29'17" c-Chennai(ex Madras) (1x100kW) 13N08'15"-80E07'30" d-Delhi (Kingsway) (3x50kW, 2x100kW) 28N43'10"-77E11'55" g-Gorakhpur (1x50kW) 23N52-83E28 j-Jalandhar k-Delhi(Khampur) (7x250kW) 28N49'20"-77E07'40" ko-Kolkata(Calcutta)-Chinsurah m-Mumbai (ex Bombay) (1x100kW) 19N10'58"-72E48'28" p-Panaji (ex Goa) (2x250kW) 15N27'28"-73E50'53" t-Tuticorin w-Guwahati (1x50kW) 26N09'10"-91E39'13" 1071-Rajkot Regional Stations: Aizawl(10kW):23N43-92E43 Bhopal(50kW):23N10-77E38 Chennai(50kW):13N08-80E07 Delhi(Kingsway)(50kW):26N45-77E12 Gangtok(10kW):27N22-88E37 Guwahati(50kW):26N11-91E50 Hyderabad(50kW):17N20'15"-78E33'40" Imphal(50kW):24N37-93E54 Itanagar(50kW):27N04-93E36 Jaipur(50kW):26N54'35"-75E44'50" Jammu(50kW):32N45-75E00 Jeypore(50kW):18N55-82E34 Kohima(50kW):25N39-94E06 Kolkata(Calcutta)(50kW):22N21'40"-88E17'27" Kurseong(50kW):26N55-88E19 Leh(10kW):34N07'28"-77E35'22" Lucknow(50kW):26N52'54"-81E02'36" Port Blair-Brookshabad(5kW):11N36'51"-92E45'03" Ranchi(50kW):23N24-85E22 Shillong(50kW):25N26-91E49 Shimla(50kW):31N10'05"-77E12'23" Srinagar(50kW):34N01'48"-74E54'20" Thiruvananthapuram(Trivendrum)(50kW):08N27'22"-76E56'13" INS: Jakarta (Cimanggis) 06S23'32"-106E51'44" IRN: a-Ahwaz 31N20-48E40 k-Kamalabad 35N49'45"-50E52'05" m-Mashhad 36N15-59E33 s-Sirjan 29N35'47"-55E47'09" z-Zahedan 29N28'25"-60E51'52" ISR: Yavne 31N54'19"-34E45'03" J: Yamata 36N10'25"-139E49'15" except: c-Chiba Nagara 35N27'55"-140E12'22" n-Nemuro 43N17'19"-145E33'49" JOR: Al Karanah 31N44'36"-36E27'43" KAZ: Almaty (Alma Ata, Dmitrievka) 43N30'11"-77E00'15" k-Karaturuk/Qaraturyk 43N38'00"-78E00'30" KGZ: Bishkek 42N52'50"-74E59'15" KOR: Kimjae 35N49'13"-126E51'56" except: g-Goyang 37N35'43"-126E50'40" h-Hwasung/Hwaseong 37N12'51"-126E46'41" KRE: c-Chongjin/Haeju 41N47-129E50 e-Hyesan 41N04-128E02 h-Hamhung 39N56-127E39 k-Kanggye 40N58-126E36 p-Pyongyang 39N05-125E23 s-Sariwon 38N05-125E08 u-Kujang 40N05-125E05 w-Wonsan 39N05-127E25 y-Pyongsong 40N05-124E24 KWT: RK-Kabd/Sulaibiyah 29N08'42"-47E46'00" IBB-Kuwait 29N30'24"-47E40'24" LAO: Vientiane 18N00'24"-102E33'44" LTU: Sitkunai 55N02'37"-23E48'28" http://www.geocities.com/ratekona/sit LUX: Junglinster 49N43'10"-06E15'50" 1440:Marnach 50N02'46"-06E04'42" LVA: Ulbroka 56N56'18"-24E16'56" MCO: Mont Angel/Fontbonne 43N45'50"-07E25'40" MDA: Maiac near Grigoriopol 47N16'53"-29E25'26" MDG: Talata Volonondry 18S45'06"-47E36'52" except: a-Ambohidrano/Sabotsy 18S46'41"-47E29'37" MEX: m-Merida MLA: ka-Kajang 03N00'40"-101E47'04" except: kk-Kota Kinabalu 06N12-116E14 ku-Kuching 01N30'43"-110E18'54" s-Sibu 02N18-111E49 MLI: Bamako 12N44'37"-08W03'11" MNG: a-Altay 46N19'21"-096E15'23" m-Moron/Mörön 49N37'18"-100E10'22" u-Ulaanbaatar-Khonkhor 47N47'48"-107E10'49" MRA: m-Marpi, Saipan (KFBS) 15N16'12"-145E47'53" s-Saipan/Agingan Point (IBB) 15N07'16"-145E41'34" t-Tinian (IBB) 15N02'45"-145E36'26" MRC: b-Briech (VoA/RL/RFE) 35N33'08"-05W58'00" n-Nador (RTM,Medi1) 35N02'35"-02W54'52" t-Tanger 35N48-05W55 MTN: Nouakchott 18N08'22"-15W59'59" NEP: Khumaltar 27N39'11"-85E19'43" NGR: Niamey 13N32'18"-02E03'32" NIG: a-Abuja-Gwagwalada (HS) 08N55'52"-07E04'23" b-Ibadan 07N23-03E54 e-Enugu i-Ikorodu 06N35'37"-03E29'43" j-Abuja-Lugbe 08N57'57"-07E21'36" k-Kaduna 10N49'12"-07E34'01" NOR: Kvitsoy 59N04'00"-05E26'15" except a-Andenes 69N16'08"-16E02'26" as-Andenes-Saura 69N08'24"-16E01'12" NZL: Rangitaiki 38S50'37"-176E25'47" OMA: Radio Oman: t-Thumrait 17N38'15"-53E55'55" s-Seeb 23N40-58E10 BBC: A'Seela 21N55'06"-59E37'00" PAK: Islamabad 33N28'10"-73E12'28" except: p-Peshawar 34N00-71E30 (10kW) q-Quetta 30N08'25"-66E58'50" (10kW) r-Rawalpindi 33N36'37"-72E58'35" (10kW) PAL: Koror-Babeldaob (Medorn) 07N27'28"-134E28'40" PHL: b-Bocaue (FEBC) 14N48-120E55 i-Iba (FEBC) 15N22-119E57 m-Marulas/Quezon City, Valenzuela (PBS 6170,9581) 14N40'44"-120E58'35" p-Palauig, Zembales (RVA) 15N28-119E50 po-Poro 16N26-120E17 t-Tinang (VoA) 15N21'55"-120E38'00" x-Tinang-2/portable 50kW (VoA) 15N21-120E38 PNG: a-Alotau 10S18-150S28 d-Daru 09S05-143E10 g-Goroka 06S02-145E22 ka-Kavieng 02S34-150E48 kb-Kimbe 05S33'18"-150E09'38" ke-Kerema 07S59-145E46 ku-Kundiawa 06S00-144E57 la-Lae (Morobe) 06S40'34"-146E54'26" lo-Lorengau 02S01-147E15 ma-Madang 05S14-145E45 me-Mendi 06S13-143E39 mh-Mount Hagen 05S54-144E13 pm-Port Moresby (Waigani) 09S25'45"-147E11'00" po-Popondetta 08S45-148E15 r-Rabaul 04S12'42"-152E06'57" v-Vanimo 02S40-141E17 wa-Port Moresby (Radio Wantok) 09S25'25"-147E13'43" ww-Wewak 03S35-143E40 POR: DW: Sines 37N56'26"-08W46'20" (3 x 250kW) RdP: Sao Gabriel(Lisboa) 38N47'05"-08W41'50" except s-Sines. PTR: Roosevelt Roads 18N23-67W11 ROU: g-Galbeni 46N44-26E50 s-Saftica 100kW 44N38'16"-27E04'28" t-Tiganesti 300kW 44N44'58"-26E06'10" RUS: a-Armavir/Tblisskaya/Krasnodar 45N28'23"-40E06'11" ar-Arkhangelsk 64N21'38"-41E23'35" b-Blagoveshchensk (Amur) 50N16-127E30 c-Chita (Atamanovka) (S Siberia) 51N50'07"-113E43'15" e-Ekaterinburg (S Ural) 56N55'28"-60E36'28" i-Irkutsk (Angarsk) (S Siberia) 52N25'33"-103E40'09" k-Kaliningrad-Bolshakovo 54N55'18"-21E42'44" ka-Komsomolsk-na-Amur (Far East) 50N39'05"-136E55'10" kh-Khabarovsk (Far East) 48N34'35"-135E04'50" kr-Krasnoyarsk 56N02'03"-92E45'24" ku-Kurovskaya-Avsyunino (near Moscow) 55N35'07"-39E07'46" ky-Kyzyl 51N41-94E30 L-Lesnoy (near Moscow) 56N03'50"-37E56'40" m-Moscow/Moskva (one of ku,L,se,t) 55N45-37E18 ma-Magadan 59N42'28"-150E10'30" mu-Murmansk/Monchegorsk 67N53'10"-32E58'09" n-Novosibirsk / Oyash, (500 kW, 1000 kW) 55N29'34"-83E41'26" no-Novosibirsk City (100 kW, 200 kW) 54N55'20"-82E51'27" p-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskij (Yelizovo) 53N11'27"-158E24'36" pe-Perm 58N02'48"-56E14'04" s-Samara (Zhygulevsk) 53N16'27"-50E13'49" se-Serpukhov [actually Noginsk but Noginsk closed with start of A03] 54N54-37E25 sp-St.Petersburg (Popovka/Krasnyj Bor) 59N39'45"-30E41'25" t-Taldom - Severnyj, Radiotsentr 3 (near Moscow) 56N44'45"-37E37'16" u-Ulan-Ude 51N44'57"-107E26'56" v-Vladivostok Razdolnoye Ussuriysk Tavrichanka (2 sites) 43N32'44"-131E55'11" ya-Yakutsk/Tulagino 62N14'19"-129E48'53" ys-Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Vestochka) 46N55-142E54 RRW: Kigali 01S54'52"-30E06'57" S: Hoerby 55N48'31"-13E43'42" SEY: Mahe 04S40'48"-55E27'13" SNG: Kranji 01N25'23"-103E43'57" SRB: s-Stubline 44N33'49"-20E08'33" SRL: SLBS: Goderich 08N30-13W14 STP: Pinheira 00N17'34"-06E45'08" SVK: Rimavska Sobota 48N24'12"-20E07'30" SWZ: Manzini/Mpangela Ranch 26S20'20"-31E36'02" SYR: Adra 33N32'38"-36E34'00" TCD: N'Djamena-Gredia 12N06'48"-15E04'32" THA: RL/R.THA/VoA: Udon Thani 17N40'29"-103E12'09" except: b-Bangkok / Prathum Thani(1575,4830,6070,7115) 13N59'35"-100E35'51" BBC: Nakhon Sawan 15N48'37"-100E03'51" TJK: y-Yangi Yul (Dushanbe) (100 kW, 200 kW) 38N28'46"-68E48'15" o-Orzu (500 kW) 37N31'15"-68E48'00" TKM: Asgabat 37N51'34"-58E22'02" TUN: Sfax 34N49'14"-10E51'01" TUR: c-Cakirlar 39N58'27"-32E40'41" e-Emirler 39N24'05"-32E51'21" TWN: f-Fangliano FAN 22N22-120E33 h-Huwei (Yunlin province) HUW/YUN 23N43'35"-120E25'02" k-Kouhu (Yunlin province) KOU 23N32'13"-120E10'28" m-Minhsiung (Chiayi province) 23N33'53"-120E25'47" n-Tainan/Annan (Tainan city) 23N02'39"-120E10'00" p-Paochung/Baujong (Yunlin province) PAO/BAJ 23N43'36"-120E18'00" s-Tanshui (Taipei province) 25N11'08"-121E24'58" t-Taipei TAI (Pali) 25N05-121E27 y-Kuanyin (Han Sheng) 25N02'20"-121E06'14" TZA: d-Daressalam 06S52'29"-39E11'14" z-Zanzibar/Dole 06S06'09"-39E15'28" UAE: Dhabbaya 24N10'07"-54E15'00" UGA: Kampala-Bugolobi 00N18'50"-32E37'19" UKR: k-Kiev/Brovary 50N30'13"-30E48'32" L-Lviv (Krasne) (Russian name: Lvov) 49N53'55"-24E40'00" m-Mykolaiv (Kopani) (Russian name:Nikolayev) 46N49'10"-32E12'40" x-Kharkiv (Taranivka) (Russian name: Kharkov) 49N37'58"-36E07'00" z-Zaporizhzhya 657-Chernivtsi. 936-Krasne. URG: m-Montevideo, Av Luis Batlle Berres 6061, 34S50'32"-56W15'22" USA: b-Birmingham / Vandiver, AL (WEWN) 33N30'05"-86W28'37" bt-Bethel, PA (WMLK) 40N28'45"-76W16'47" c-Cypress Creek, SC (WHRI) 32N41'03"-81W07'50" d-Delano, CA 35N45-119W10 g-Greenville, NC 35N28'00"-77W11'57" k-Key Saddlebunch, FL 24N38'52"-81W36'17" L-Lebanon, TN (WTWW) 36N16'35"-86W05'58" m-Miami / Hialeah Gardens, FL (WRMI) 25N54'00"-80W21'50" ma-Manchester / Morrison, TN (WWRB) 35N37'22'-86W00'51" n-Nashville, TN (WWCR) 36N12'30"-86W53'38" no-New Orleans, LA (WRNO) 29N50'10"-90W06'57" np-Newport, NC (WTJC) 34N46'41"-76W52'37" o-Okeechobee, FL (WYFR) 27N27'27"-80W56'00" q-Monticello, ME (WBCQ) 46N20'30"-67W48'55" rl-Red Lion (York), PA (WINB) 39N54'22"-76W34'55" rs-Los Angeles / Rancho Simi, CA (KVOH) 34N15'23"-118W38'30" v-Vado, NM (KJES) 32N08'00"-106W35'50" UZB: Tashkent 41N13'11"-69E09'00" VTN: d-Daclac 12N41-108E31 h-Hanoi 20N59'52"-105E47'05" m-Metri 20N58-105E39 s-Sontay 21N12-105E22 x-Xuan Mai 20N43-105E33 VTU: Empten Lagoon 17S45'24"-168E21'42" YEM: a-Al Hiswah/Aden 12N49'43"-44E54'10" s-Sanaa 15N22'52"-44E11'48" ZWE: Gweru/Guinea Fowl 19S31'17"-29E56'08"